EFFECT OF MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST ON LUNG HEALTH

Abstract

Road traffic is the most important source of some pollutants, such as those from motorized vehicles. Exhaust emissions are emitted from vehicles during their operation, fueling, manufacturing and disposal. These emissions mainly consist of two types, gasoline (gasoline) and diesel (diesel) emissions including carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, hydrocarbons, particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other organic compounds originating from combustion. The mechanism of damage to respiratory cells by vehicle exhaust gases is through oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The exhaust emissions of these vehicles cause damage to human microvascular endothelial cells and increase ROS levels in cells. Direct injury, which increases the risk of alveolar damage, as well as lung inflammation by alveolar macrophages. These PMs are recruited to areas of injury and express a variety of cytokines and chemotaxins, in turn recruiting macrophages and other immune cells. Several cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-α. Lung Disease due to the Impact of Motor Vehicle Exhaust Gas can be divided into acute diseases, non-carcinogenic chronic diseases and carcinogenic chronic diseases. Exposure causes acute irritation, and respiratory, and asthma-like symptoms. Chronic exposure can trigger asthma and bronchitis exacerbations. Chronic exposure to carcinogens is suspected of causing lung cancer. Prevention consists of control at source preventing or controlling transmission of a pollutant to individuals, and protecting workers.