THE COMPOUND OF PURPLE NUTSEDGE (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.) TUBER FROM PROVINCE OF LAMPUNG IS POTENTIAL AS ANTICANCER AGENT ON THE T47D BREAST CANCER CELL

Abstract

Cancer is a death threat in the world. Based on the WHO report in 2018, 9.6 million people worldwide died from cancer. In Indonesia, based on the Riskerdas 2018, the prevalence of cancer increased from 1.4% in 2013 to 1.8% in 2018. Cervical and breast cancer were cancers with the highest prevalence in Indonesia in 2013, namely cervical cancer of 0.8 ‰ and breast cancer by 0.5‰. According to estimates by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the global cancer burden will increase to 19.3 million new cases and 10.0 million deaths by 2020. Worldwide, one in 5 people will develop cancer during their lifetime, and one in every 8 men and one in 11 women die from the disease. Among the most striking developments revealed by the new IARC estimates is that women's breast cancer has become the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world, with 2.3 million cases diagnosed in 2020, exceeding the number of new cases of lung cancer for the first time. Breast cancer now accounts for 11.7% of all new cancer cases in both sexes. Breast cancer is the second cause of death in women after cervical cancer. In 2016 cases of breast cancer occurred in 40 per 100,000 women in Indonesia3. The high incidence of cancer is due to increasing factors. Several studies have been conducted to explore natural ingredients with the aim of finding new anticancer agents with higher efficacy, minimal side effects, and are more economical because they can be found easily. One of the potential medicinal plant natural ingredients to be developed as an anticancer is purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). This plant is quite interesting to develop because it is cheap and easy to get. Through several studies, purple nutsedge is known to have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells so that it has the potential to be developed as an anticancer agent.